In the heart of global maritime trade, a critical yet often overlooked component has emerged as a significant national security concern: the ship-to-shore cranes manufactured in China. These sophisticated digital systems, predominantly produced by the state-owned Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Company (ZPMC), dominate the global market, with an astounding 80% of U.S. container cargo-handling equipment originating from China.

The importance of this topic cannot be overstated. These cranes are not just physical infrastructure; they are integrated into complex IT systems, handling sensitive data on container contents, origins, and destinations. The potential for remote access and control, coupled with China’s interest in disrupting U.S. critical infrastructure, has raised alarming cybersecurity concerns. Recent warnings from the U.S. Coast Guard and investigations by the House Homeland Security Committee have highlighted the vulnerabilities and suspicious device installations on these cranes, which could be used for espionage and cyber attacks.

In this in-depth guide, readers will delve into the history and rise

China 20 Ton Knuckle Boom Marine Crane – BOB-LIFT

Since the provided websites do not include the specific content from https://www.bobliftcrane.com/20-ton-knuckle-boom-marine-crane.html, I will create a comprehensive guide based on the general information available from similar sources on 20-ton knuckle boom marine cranes.

Guide to 20-Ton Knuckle Boom Marine Cranes

Introduction

Knuckle boom marine cranes are versatile and essential pieces of equipment for various marine and offshore applications. They are known for their articulated booms, which provide flexibility and precision in material handling. Here is an in-depth guide to help you understand the key features, specifications, and applications of 20-ton knuckle boom marine cranes.

Key Features

Articulated Boom Design

• The articulated or knuckle boom design allows for greater flexibility and maneuverability, making these cranes ideal for tight spaces and precise lifting operations[4][5].

Compact Structure

• Many 20-ton knuckle boom cranes have a compact structure that is beneficial for intensive tasks and limited space environments. This compactness also aids in easier installation and storage[1][4].

Rotation and Slewing

• These cranes often feature a 360-degree rotation angle, enabling them to operate in all directions. The slewing mechanism may use a gearbox and hydraulic motor or a rack and pinion system, ensuring smooth and precise rotation[1][5].

Hydraulic System

• The hydraulic system is crucial for the operation of these cranes. Key specifications include the recommended oil flow rate (typically around 50-65 L/min), maximum working pressure (e.g., 260 bar), and the capacity of the oil tank (e.g., 260 L)[1][2].

Specifications

Lifting Capacity

• The maximum lifting capacity for a 20-ton knuckle boom crane can vary slightly depending on the manufacturer and specific model. Typically, it ranges from 18 to 20 tons, with varying capacities at different outreach distances[1][2].

Outreach and Lifting Heights

• The maximum horizontal outreach can range from approximately 8 to 10.5 meters, with corresponding lifting capacities at different outreach distances. For example, a crane might lift 1,700 kg at 10.58 meters or 4,000 kg at 4.79 meters[2].

Weight and Dimensions

• The weight of the crane itself can vary but is generally around 3,400 to 6,150 kg. This lightweight design aids in easier installation and better maneuverability[1][2].

Applications

Marine and Offshore

• These cranes are widely used on various marine vessels, including small tugs, workboats, luxury yachts, and offshore platforms. They are ideal for handling dry bulk cargo, maintenance tasks, and other marine operations[3][4].

Work Environments

• Knuckle boom cranes can be customized for use in demanding work environments such as oilfields, coast guard operations, and military applications. Their robust designs and precise handling capabilities make them versatile tools[4].

Safety and Performance Features

Active Oscillation Suppression (AOS)

• Some advanced models come with patented systems like AOS, which dampen the boom system’s vibrations and shocks, significantly increasing safety during operations[5].

High Power Lifting System (HPLS)

• This feature allows the crane to increase its lifting capacity by up to 15% by electronically increasing the hydraulic pressure, though at reduced working speeds[5].

Low Maintenance Extension System

• Modern cranes often feature low maintenance extension systems using special synthetic materials that self-lubricate, reducing the need for frequent servicing[5].

Operational and Maintenance Considerations

Mode of Operation

• These cranes can be operated via remote control or from the crane’s cabin, depending on the model and user preference[3].

Electrical and Hydraulic Requirements

• Ensure the crane is supplied with the correct electrical power (e.g., 24V-DC/10A) and hydraulic parameters (e.g., oil flow rate, working pressure) to maintain optimal performance[2].

Maintenance

• Regular maintenance is crucial to extend the lifespan of the crane. This includes checking the hydraulic system, lubricating moving parts, and ensuring all safety features are functioning correctly[5].

After-Sale Service and Support

Customer Service

• Reputable manufacturers often provide comprehensive customer service, including quick responses to queries, delivery support, and on-site maintenance services[1][3].

Warranty and Replacement

• Some manufacturers offer warranties and free replacements for certain parts, such as water-resistant sliders, to ensure customer satisfaction and reliability[1].

By understanding these key aspects of 20-ton knuckle boom marine cranes, you can make informed decisions when selecting and operating these critical pieces of equipment for your marine and offshore needs.

Marine Crane Manufacturer and Supplier in China

Since the specific website https://ouco-industry.com/marine_crane.html is not accessible in the provided search results, I will create a comprehensive guide to marine cranes based on the information from the other sources.

Marine Cranes: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Marine cranes are essential components of modern vessels, facilitating various cargo handling and offshore operations. This guide will delve into the different types of marine cranes, their functionalities, key features, and applications.

Types of Marine Cranes

Gantry Cranes

• Function: Primarily used in ports for loading and unloading containers from ships.
• Cost Range: $350K – $7M
• Pros: High efficiency, capable of handling large container volumes, essential for container ships.
• Cons: Expensive, requires significant space and infrastructure, limited to container handling[5].

Jib Cranes

• Function: Used for general cargo handling, capable of rotating 360 degrees.
• Cost Range: $210K – $1.4M
• Pros: Versatile, ideal for various cargo types, compact design suitable for smaller vessels.
• Cons: Limited lifting capacity compared to larger cranes, potential for slower operation[5].

Luffing Cranes

• Function: Allows high-precision lifting by raising or lowering the jib.
• Cost Range: $560K – $4.9M
• Pros: High precision, essential for heavy-lift ships, adaptable for different cargo types.
• Cons: High cost, complex operation, requires skilled operators[5].

Pedestal Cranes

• Function: Mounted on a pedestal base, used for general cargo handling on various ships.
• Cost Range: $140K – $700K
• Pros: Stable, versatile, and suitable for multiple ship types.
• Cons: Limited mobility, fixed position on deck[5].

Grab Cranes

• Function: Equipped with a grab for handling bulk materials like coal, ore, and grain.
• Cost Range: $350K – $2.8M
• Pros: Efficient for bulk material handling, durable design for tough operations.
• Cons: Limited to bulk materials, less versatile for other cargo types[5].

Sheerlegs (Floating Cranes)

• Function: Used for heavy lifting operations such as salvage or offshore construction.
• Cost Range: $7M – $21M
• Pros: High lifting capacity, crucial for heavy lifting and offshore work.
• Cons: Very expensive, requires specialized crew and maintenance[5].

Subsea Cranes

• Function: Designed for underwater operations, often used in offshore oil and gas industries.
• Cost Range: $10.5M – $28M
• Pros: Critical for subsea operations, high precision and reliability.
• Cons: Extremely expensive, requires specialized crew and maintenance[5].

Platform Cranes

• Function: Used on offshore platforms for handling materials and equipment.
• Cost Range: $1.4M
• Pros: Versatile for various offshore operations, reliable in harsh environments.
• Cons: High maintenance costs, requires specialized training for operators[3].

Key Features and Specifications

Swing Rotation

• 360-degree continuous rotation in both directions with required limit stop.
• Standard swing speed 0.5 to 2 RPM through a planetary reduction gear box.
• Swing drive with failsafe brake option[1].

Cylinders

• Hydraulic cylinders with honed steel tube construction.
• Internally ported load hold valve holds cylinders in position if hydraulic pressure is lost[1].

Hinge Pins

• Machined from hardened stainless steel.
• Oversized for load carrying capacity and run in bronze bushings[1].

Boom Types

• Fixed boom, telescopic boom, knuckle-boom, or knuckle-telescopic boom models.
• Fabricated from high tensile steel with boom angle or load radius indicator[1].

Hook Assembly

• Fall block or load block options with customized cheek plate[1].

Pedestal

• One piece tubular construction with flange for slew bearing mounting and cutout for maintenance access[1].

Personnel/Man-riding Certification

• Optional personnel handling/man-riding certification as per certifying agency standards.
• Includes personnel handling winch, boom, and 110% rated brake[1].

Type Approval

• Frequently used cylinders are Type Approved by certification bodies like ABS[1].

Testing & Assembly

• Factory assembled and tested to ensure quality and reliability[1].

Hydraulic System

• Options include Standard open center hydraulic system or Skid mounted hydraulic system[1].

Controls

• Standard low-pressure joystick controls for user-friendly operation[1].

Painting and Material Options

• Surfaces painted to an equivalent International or Marine paint system.
• Zinc rich primer, epoxy mid coat, and polyurethane cover coat.
• Material options include Cr, Ni-Cr, or stainless luffing/Telescopic cylinder rods and heat-treated high strength stainless steel pins[1].

Applications

Cargo Handling

• MacGregor cranes are used for cargo handling on bulk carriers, container vessels, general cargo ships, and tankers.
• Various models like GLB/GLBE, GLH/GLHE, GL/GLE, and LC/LCS cranes cater to different cargo handling needs[2].

Offshore Operations

• Lattice Boom Cranes and Knuckle Boom Cranes are designed for heavy offshore operations, complying with API-2C standards.
• These cranes are used for subsea operations, personnel lifting, and handling heavy equipment[3].

Specialized Operations

• Grab Cranes are used for bulk material handling on bulk carriers and multi-purpose ships.
• Sheerlegs (Floating Cranes) are crucial for heavy lifting operations such as salvage and offshore construction[5].

Safety and Control Systems

Crane Control Systems

• Advanced control systems like MacGregor’s CC3000 provide real-time information on hook load, hoisting speed, and outreach.
• These systems include load cells, encoders, and transmitters with redundancy for enhanced safety[2].

Safety Features

• Personnel handling/man-riding options with 110% rated brake and automatic braking.
• Crane safety rating charts and name plates with complete descriptions[1].

Maintenance and Support

Worldwide Service Network

• Companies like MacGregor offer a worldwide service network to support crane operations and maintenance.
• This includes logging crane operations and transmitting data to the ship’s office or bridge for better control[2].

Testing and Assembly

• Cranes are factory assembled and tested to ensure they meet quality and reliability standards[1].

Conclusion

Marine cranes are vital for the efficient and safe operation of various maritime and offshore activities. Understanding the different types, their features, and applications is crucial for selecting the right crane for specific needs. Whether it is cargo handling, offshore operations, or specialized tasks, each type of marine crane offers unique advantages and requires careful consideration of its specifications and safety features.

Joint Investigation into CCP-Backed Company Supplying …

Joint Investigation into CCP-Backed Company Supplying Cranes to U.S. Ports: Key Findings and Implications

Introduction

A joint investigation by several House committees has uncovered significant concerns regarding Chinese-built cargo cranes deployed at U.S. ports. The investigation, focused on Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries (ZPMC), a state-owned Chinese manufacturer, reveals potential security risks and unauthorized installation of communication equipment.

Scope of ZPMC’s Involvement

• Market Dominance: ZPMC accounts for nearly 80% of the ship-to-shore (STS) cranes in use at U.S. maritime ports[1][2].
• Manufacturing Location: Many of these cranes are built in an area adjacent to a shipyard where the People’s Liberation Army Navy’s most advanced warships are constructed, including the PRC’s third aircraft carrier and its fleet of Type 055 and Type 052 destroyers[1].

Discovery of Unauthorized Communication Equipment

• Cellular Modems: The investigation found cellular modems installed on ZPMC STS crane components at multiple U.S. seaports. These modems were not part of the original equipment contracts and were not requested by the ports[1].
• Installation During Manufacturing: U.S. port personnel discovered these modems already installed when they inspected the cranes in China[1].
• Multiple Instances: More than 12 cellular modems were found in Chinese-made cranes across several U.S. ports. Some of these modems were used for operational functions like remote monitoring and maintenance tracking, but others were installed without any clear purpose or request from the ports[1].

Security Concerns

• Potential for Espionage: The presence of these unauthorized modems has fueled concerns within the Biden administration that these cranes could be used for spying on U.S. ports[1].
• Historical Precedent: In 2021, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) discovered intelligence gathering equipment on a vessel delivering ZPMC cranes to the Port of Baltimore, further exacerbating security concerns[1].

Investigation Details

• Joint Committee Efforts: The investigation involved several House committees and included testimonies from maritime experts and federal agencies, highlighting significant security vulnerabilities in the supply chain[2].
• Involvement of Other Companies: The investigation also looked into the Swiss company ABB, which supplies operational components to ZPMC. These components are shipped to China, stored for several months, and then installed on U.S.-bound port equipment by ZPMC engineers[1].

Implications and Recommendations

• Cybersecurity Risks: The report suggests that ZPMC could be used as a Trojan Horse to exploit U.S. maritime equipment and technology, posing substantial cybersecurity risks[2].
• Regulatory Strengthening: There is a call to prioritize cybersecurity, strengthen regulations, and invest in domestic manufacturing to ensure safer and more secure ports[2].
• National Security: Securing U.S. ports from foreign threats is crucial for maintaining economic stability and national security. The report emphasizes the need for immediate action to address these vulnerabilities[2].

Conclusion

The findings of this joint investigation underscore the critical need for enhanced security measures and oversight in the procurement and deployment of foreign-made equipment at U.S. ports. The potential risks associated with Chinese-built cranes highlight the importance of prioritizing national security and cybersecurity in the face of increasing geopolitical tensions.

Pentagon Sees Giant Cargo Cranes as Possible Chinese …

Guide to the Concerns Over Chinese-Made Cargo Cranes as Potential Spying Tools

Introduction

U.S. national security and Pentagon officials have raised significant concerns that giant cargo cranes manufactured by the Chinese company ZPMC could be used as spying tools. Here is a comprehensive guide to the issue, including the reasons behind the concerns, the capabilities of the cranes, and the responses from various stakeholders.

Background and Concerns

Widespread Use of ZPMC Cranes

• ZPMC, a China-based manufacturer, produces a significant portion of the world’s ship-to-shore cranes, with estimates suggesting they control 70-80% of the global market. These cranes are widely deployed in many major American ports, including some used by the U.S. military.

Sophisticated Electronics and Sensors

• The cranes are equipped with sophisticated electronics and sensors that can register and track the provenance and destination of containers. This capability has raised concerns that China could capture information about materials being shipped in or out of the country, potentially compromising U.S. military operations.

Remote Access and Disruption Risks

• The technology integrated into these cranes allows for remote access, which could be exploited to disrupt the flow of goods at American ports. This remote access capability is seen as a potential vulnerability that could be used to sabotage U.S. supply chains.

National Security Implications

Comparison to Huawei

• The concerns over these cranes have been likened to those surrounding Huawei Technologies Co., a Chinese telecom giant whose equipment has been banned in the U.S. due to fears of espionage. Former top U.S. counterintelligence official Bill Evanina noted that the cranes could be the new Huawei, combining legitimate business with potential clandestine intelligence collection.

Comprehensive Penetration by China

• Retired General Jack Keane has described the situation as part of the “most comprehensive penetration of the United States in our entire history” by China. He emphasized that China’s goal is to dominate economically and militarily, and that advanced research and intellectual property theft are key components of their strategy.

Responses and Reactions

Pentagon and U.S. Officials

• The Pentagon is investigating the security concerns related to these cranes. U.S. officials have called for a study to determine whether foreign-manufactured cranes pose cybersecurity or national-security threats at American ports, as mandated by a clause in the December 2022 defense authorization act.

American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA)

• The AAPA has dismissed the media reports as “alarmist” and “sensationalized.” They argue that modern cranes cannot track the origin, destination, or nature of the cargo and that there is no evidence of nefarious activities. However, the AAPA supports legislative efforts to restore U.S. manufacturing capabilities for cranes and other heavy port equipment.

Chinese Government Response

• The Chinese Embassy and government officials have labeled the U.S. concerns as “paranoia-driven” and an attempt to obstruct trade and economic cooperation. They have also described the reports as “hysterically laughable” and part of a “delusion of persecution” among Americans.

Regulatory and Legislative Actions

New Cyber-Risk Management Requirements

• The U.S. Coast Guard, on behalf of the Department of Homeland Security, has announced new cyber-risk management requirements for owners and operators of Chinese-made container cranes at U.S. ports. These requirements aim to reduce China’s ability to spy on America’s domestic supply chains.

Reshoring and National Security Act

• The AAPA is supporting the introduction of the “Crane Reshoring and National Enforcement of Supply Chain Security Act” to jump-start American production of port equipment. This initiative is part of a broader effort to enhance the security and resilience of U.S. supply chains.

Funding for Domestic Manufacturing

• The White House has announced funding to bring port crane manufacturing capabilities back to the U.S. for the first time in 30 years, using funds from the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act.

Conclusion

The concerns over Chinese-made cargo cranes highlight the complex and multifaceted nature of national security in the era of global trade and technological advancement. While the cranes are essential for efficient port operations, their potential for espionage and disruption has sparked a significant debate and led to various regulatory and legislative actions. As the U.S. navigates these issues, it must balance the need for secure supply chains with the realities of global trade and economic cooperation.

Sanhang Xiang’an – Chinese crane ship boasts intelligent …

Since the specific website content from https://www.bairdmaritime.com/offshore/exploration-development/offshore-construction/vessel-review-sanhang-xiangan-chinese-crane-ship-boasts-intelligent-systems-and-large-lifting-capacities is not provided, here is a comprehensive guide based on the available information from other sources:

Vessel Overview

Vessel Name and Type

• Vessel Name: SAN HANG XIANG AN
• Ship Type: Crane Ship

Flag and Registration

• Flag: China
• IMO Number: 1017907
• MMSI Number: 414976000
• Call Sign: BPVH6[1][2][5].

Physical Characteristics

Dimensions

• Length Overall (LOA): 186 meters (610 feet)
• Beam: 48 meters (157 feet)
• Depth: 13.5 meters[1][2][4].

Tonnage and Capacity

• Gross Tonnage: 37,765 tons
• Summer Deadweight (DWT): 23,431 tons
• Capacity: Designed to accommodate 100 people[1][2][4].

Technical and Operational Capabilities

Crane and Lifting Capabilities

• Crane Type: 5000-ton pile-type self-propelled DP (Dynamic Positioning) crane
• Lifting Capabilities: Capable of lifting large marine components, including sea wind electric pile foundations, jacket constructions, booster stations, and cross-sea bridge components[4].

Classification and Compliance

• Classification Society: CCS (China Classification Society)[4].

Advanced Features

• Intelligent Systems: Integrated with advanced technological achievements and intelligent means, making it a high-end intelligent equipment in China’s heavy equipment industry[4].

Operational Use

Primary Functions

• Offshore Construction: Designed for various offshore construction tasks such as single pile and jacket construction, and lifting large marine components.
• Maritime Engineering: Can provide services for booster stations, cross-sea bridges, and other maritime engineering projects[4].

Recent Developments

Trial Voyage and Delivery

• Trial Voyage: Successfully completed a 7-day trial voyage and docked at the Changxing Island base dock of Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. on September 14, 2024.
• Delivery: Delivered successfully, marking a significant milestone in China’s heavy equipment industry[4].

Management and Ownership

Ownership and Management

• Registered Owner: Details not specified in available sources.
• Manager: Details not specified in available sources.
• ISM Manager: Details not specified in available sources[1][2].

Conclusion

The SAN HANG XIANG AN is a state-of-the-art crane ship that represents a significant advancement in China’s maritime engineering and construction capabilities. With its robust lifting capacities, advanced intelligent systems, and compliance with stringent classification standards, this vessel is poised to play a critical role in various offshore and maritime construction projects.

Konecranes to Build Ports Cranes in the U.S. to Loosen …

Konecranes to Build Port Cranes in the U.S.: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Konecranes, a Finnish crane manufacturer, is embarking on a significant initiative to establish a domestic manufacturing capability for port cranes in the United States. This move is driven by recent U.S. government policies and the need to reduce dependence on Chinese imports.

Motivation Behind the Initiative

U.S. Government Policies

The U.S. government has introduced several policies that have prompted Konecranes to shift its manufacturing to the U.S. Notably, U.S. President Joe Biden introduced 25% tariffs on imports of port cranes and similar goods from China in mid-May 2024. Additionally, the Build America Buy America (BABA) Act of 2021, part of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, mandates that all iron, steel, manufactured products, and construction materials used in covered infrastructure projects must be produced in the United States.

Domestic Manufacturing Capability

Establishing a Supplier Network

Konecranes is developing a network of U.S.-based steel structure providers and subcontractors to comply with the BABA Act. This network is crucial for manufacturing a full range of domestic manufacturing-compliant port cranes, including ship-to-shore (STS) container cranes, which have been heavily impacted by the tariffs.

Production Requirements

Each STS crane built in the U.S. will require the production of approximately 1,500 U.S. tons of U.S.-made steel and more than 100,000 labor-hours across the entire value chain. This underscores the significant resources and time involved in producing these cranes.

Customer Interest and Market Impact

Initial Indications of Interest

Several U.S. port customers have expressed initial interest in Konecranes’ domestically manufactured port cranes. This interest is expected to grow as the supplier network expands, particularly in states such as Ohio, Virginia, and Wisconsin.

Long-Term Development

Given the lengthy lead times for producing and delivering STS cranes—several years—the financial impact of this initiative will not be immediate. However, it positions Konecranes for long-term growth and market stability.

Upgrading Existing Infrastructure

Modernization of Port Cranes

In addition to manufacturing new cranes, Konecranes can upgrade existing U.S. port cranes with the latest technology and cybersecurity features. This is particularly important due to security concerns surrounding Chinese cranes handling goods in and out of the U.S.

Existing Presence in the U.S.

Manufacturing Facilities and Workforce

Konecranes has a well-established presence in the U.S., with three crane manufacturing facilities, approximately 2,200 employees, and over 60 branches across the country. The company is committed to growing its workforce in the U.S. in line with increasing business volumes.

Benefits and Implications

Economic and National Security Benefits

By manufacturing port cranes domestically, Konecranes contributes to U.S. economic growth and reduces the country’s reliance on foreign imports. This also addresses national security concerns related to the use of Chinese cranes in critical U.S. infrastructure.

Technological and Cybersecurity Advancements

The integration of the latest technology and cybersecurity features into both new and upgraded cranes enhances the safety, productivity, and sustainability of port operations.

Conclusion

Konecranes’ decision to build port cranes in the U.S. is a strategic response to U.S. government policies and market demands. This initiative not only supports domestic manufacturing and job creation but also ensures the security and efficiency of U.S. port operations. As the company continues to expand its supplier network and manufacturing capabilities, it is poised to play a significant role in the U.S. port equipment market.

Chinese-made port cranes in US included ‘backdoor …

Overview of the Threat Posed by Chinese-Made Port Cranes

Introduction

A recent congressional investigation has uncovered significant security vulnerabilities associated with Chinese-made port cranes used in U.S. seaports. The report, conducted by the House Select Committee on China and the House Homeland Security Committee, highlights the potential for espionage and disruption of port operations due to technological backdoors installed in these cranes.

Key Findings of the Investigation

Presence of Backdoor Modems

• The investigation revealed that Chinese-made ship-to-shore cranes in U.S. ports contain cellular modems that were not requested by U.S. ports or included in the contracts. These modems are connected to Linux computers on the port cranes and were understood by technicians to be for diagnostic purposes, but they create an obscure method for collecting information and bypassing firewalls[1].

Unauthorized Installations

• The modems were installed without the knowledge of port authorities and beyond the scope of contracts with ZPMC, the Chinese manufacturer. This constitutes a significant backdoor security vulnerability that undermines the integrity of port operations[1].

Remote Access and Data Collection

• ZPMC has pressured port operators to allow remote access to the cranes, ostensibly for maintenance and diagnostic purposes. However, this access could potentially be extended to other PRC government entities, posing a significant risk due to China’s national-security laws that mandate companies cooperate with state intelligence agencies[2].

Security and National Security Implications

Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities

• The presence of these modems and the potential for remote access create cybersecurity vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities could allow the Chinese government to disrupt port operations, collect sensitive data, or manipulate the equipment to serve their interests[1][3].

National Security Risks

• The report emphasizes that the dominance of ZPMC in the global market for ship-to-shore cranes, particularly in the U.S., creates significant national security risks. ZPMC is a state-owned enterprise named by the Department of Defense as a “Communist Chinese Military Company,” and its involvement in militarizing the South China Sea adds to these concerns[3].

Impact on U.S. Maritime Infrastructure

• The U.S. is heavily reliant on Chinese-provided cargo cranes, with ZPMC accounting for roughly 80% of the ship-to-shore cranes operational in the U.S. This reliance poses risks to U.S. maritime infrastructure, especially in the event of a future dispute over Taiwan, where the PRC could restrict or manipulate the supply of critical components[3][5].

Contractual and Oversight Issues

Contractual Agreements

• Many contracts between U.S. ports and ZPMC allow critical internal components from third-party contractors to be sent to ZPMC for installation. These contracts do not prohibit or limit unauthorized modifications or access to the equipment and technology[1][3].

Lack of Oversight

• The report highlights inadequate oversight by port authorities, the Maritime Administration (MARAD), and the Department of Defense (DoD), particularly at ports like Guam. This lack of oversight exacerbates the risks associated with installing PRC-made equipment[4].

Recommendations and Responses

Mitigation Strategies

• The committees recommend severing connections between ZPMC cranes and cellular modems, installing operational technology monitoring software, and prioritizing the closure of security gaps at critical ports. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the U.S. Coast Guard are urged to ensure the safety and security of DoD-designated commercial strategic seaports[3].

Government and Industry Responses

• The Biden-Harris administration has announced an Executive Order to strengthen maritime cybersecurity, fortify the supply chain, and strengthen the U.S. industrial base, including a $20 billion investment into U.S. port infrastructure over the next five years. The administration is also working with Japanese heavy industrials to start domestic production of ship-to-shore cranes in the U.S.[1].

Conclusion

The investigation underscores the critical need for enhanced cybersecurity measures and stricter oversight of foreign-made equipment in U.S. critical infrastructure. The presence of backdoor modems in Chinese-made port cranes poses significant risks to national security, economic stability, and the integrity of port operations. Addressing these vulnerabilities is essential to ensuring the security and reliability of U.S. maritime infrastructure.

Crane from China, Crane Manufacturer & Supplier

Guide to Marine Cranes from Deyuan Marine

Introduction

Marine cranes are essential equipment for various maritime and offshore operations, including cargo handling, shipboard operations, and offshore platform activities. Deyuan Marine, a leading manufacturer and supplier of marine equipment, offers a range of marine cranes tailored to different needs.

Types of Marine Cranes

Deyuan Marine provides several types of marine cranes, each with unique characteristics and applications:

Straight Boom Crane

• Characterized by a fixed, straight boom.
• Suitable for tasks requiring direct lifting and placement.
• Often used on commercial and military ships, as well as on dockside and platform operations.

Telescoping Boom Crane

• Features a boom that can be extended or retracted.
• Offers greater versatility in terms of reach and lifting capacity.
• Commonly used for tasks that require adjusting the boom length to accommodate different lifting scenarios.

Knuckle Boom Crane

• Known for its articulated or ‘knuckle’ joint, allowing for more flexible movement.
• Ideal for operations in confined spaces or where precise placement is necessary.
• Frequently used on ships, platforms, and dockside areas.

Folding Boom Crane

• Designed with a boom that can be folded for storage or transportation.
• Suitable for applications where space is limited and the crane needs to be compact when not in use.
• Often employed on smaller vessels and offshore platforms.

Specialized Marine Cranes

In addition to the main types, Deyuan Marine also offers specialized cranes:

Offshore Pedestal Crane

• Mounted on a pedestal base, providing stability and support for heavy lifting operations.
• Commonly used on offshore platforms and FPSO (Floating Production, Storage, and Offloading) units.

Offshore Marine Deck Crane

• Designed for installation on the decks of ships and offshore platforms.
• These cranes are built to withstand harsh marine environments and are used for a variety of deck operations.

Marine Hydraulic Cranes

• Powered by hydraulic systems, these cranes offer high lifting capacities and precise control.
• Used in various marine and offshore applications where heavy lifting is required.

Certifications and Compliance

Deyuan Marine’s marine cranes are approved by several major classification societies, including:
– ABS (American Bureau of Shipping)
– LR (Lloyd’s Register)
– DNV (Det Norske Veritas)
– RINA (Registro Italiano Navale)
– BV (Bureau Veritas)
– CCS (China Classification Society)
– BKI (Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia)

This ensures that the cranes meet stringent safety and performance standards.

Applications

Marine cranes from Deyuan Marine are used in a wide range of applications:

Commercial Shipboard

• Handling cargo, supplies, and equipment on commercial vessels.

Military Shipboard

• Supporting military operations, including cargo handling and equipment deployment.

Platform Operations

• Used on offshore platforms for maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO) tasks.

Dockside Operations

• Employed in dockside areas for loading and unloading cargo, as well as for ship repair and maintenance.

Boat / RHIB / ROV Handling

• Handling smaller boats, Rigid-Hulled Inflatable Boats (RHIBs), and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs).

Conclusion

Deyuan Marine’s extensive range of marine cranes is designed to meet the diverse needs of the maritime and offshore industries. With their various types, specialized designs, and compliance with major classification societies, these cranes ensure reliable and efficient operations in challenging marine environments. Whether for commercial, military, or offshore applications, Deyuan Marine’s marine cranes are a valuable asset for any operation requiring robust and versatile lifting solutions.

China Marine Crane Manufacturers, Suppliers, Factory

Since the provided websites do not include the specific content from https://www.cnthhi.com/marine-crane/, I will create a comprehensive guide based on the general information about marine cranes gathered from the other sources.

Marine Cranes: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Marine cranes are essential equipment for various maritime operations, including cargo handling, offshore construction, and salvage operations. These cranes are designed to withstand harsh marine environments and provide reliable and efficient lifting solutions.

Types of Marine Cranes

Gantry Cranes

• Function: Primarily used in ports for loading and unloading containers from ships.
• Cost Range: $350K – $7M
• Pros: High efficiency, capable of handling large container volumes.
• Cons: Expensive, requires significant space and infrastructure, limited to container handling[5].

Jib Cranes

• Function: Used for general cargo handling, capable of rotating 360 degrees.
• Cost Range: $210K – $1.4M
• Pros: Versatile, ideal for various cargo types, compact design suitable for smaller vessels.
• Cons: Limited lifting capacity compared to larger cranes, potential for slower operation[5].

Luffing Cranes

• Function: Allows high-precision lifting by raising or lowering the jib.
• Cost Range: $560K – $4.9M
• Pros: High precision, essential for heavy-lift ships, adaptable for different cargo types.
• Cons: High cost, complex operation, requires skilled operators[5].

Pedestal Cranes

• Function: Mounted on a pedestal base, used for general cargo handling on various ships.
• Cost Range: $140K – $700K
• Pros: Stable, versatile, and suitable for multiple ship types.
• Cons: Limited mobility, fixed position on deck[5].

Knuckle Boom Cranes

• Function: Valued for their compact design and versatility, ideal for operations in confined spaces.
• Cost Range: $350K – $2.1M
• Pros: Flexible, suitable for a wide range of lifting tasks, popular for various maritime applications.
• Cons: Installation involves ensuring proper integration of hydraulic systems and smooth operation of the folding mechanism[5].

Grab Cranes

• Function: Equipped with a grab for handling bulk materials like coal, ore, and grain.
• Cost Range: $350K – $2.8M
• Pros: Efficient for bulk material handling, durable design for tough operations.
• Cons: Limited to bulk materials, less versatile for other cargo types[5].

Sheerlegs (Floating Cranes)

• Function: Used for heavy lifting operations such as salvage or offshore construction.
• Cost Range: $7M – $21M
• Pros: High lifting capacity, crucial for heavy lifting and offshore work.
• Cons: Very expensive, requires specialized crew and maintenance[5].

Subsea Cranes

• Function: Designed for underwater operations, often used in offshore oil and gas industries.
• Cost Range: $10.5M – $28M
• Pros: Critical for subsea operations, high precision and reliability.
• Cons: Extremely expensive, requires specialized crew and maintenance[5].

Platform Cranes

• Function: Used on offshore platforms for handling materials and equipment.
• Cost Range: $1.4M – $4.2M
• Pros: Essential for offshore platforms, durable for harsh environments.
• Cons: High cost, limited to specific uses[5].

Lattice Boom Cranes

• Function: Provides stable, heavy lifting, typically used in construction or salvage operations.
• Cost Range: $700K – $4.9M
• Pros: Stable, high lifting capacity, suitable for large ships.
• Cons: Large footprint, not suitable for all ship types[5].

Portal Cranes

• Function: Used in shipyards and ports for shipbuilding, repair, and cargo handling.
• Cost Range: $700K – $2.8M
• Pros: Versatile, can be used for shipbuilding and cargo operations, moves on rails.
• Cons: Requires significant infrastructure, limited mobility[5].

Key Features and Specifications of Marine Cranes

Swing Rotation

• Marine cranes often feature 360-degree continuous rotation in both directions with a required limit stop. Standard swing speeds range from 0.5 to 2 RPM, achieved through a planetary reduction gear box. A failsafe brake option is typically included[1].

Cylinders

• Hydraulic cylinders are constructed from honed steel tubes with various configurations such as threaded pistons, bolted head nuts, or external caps. Internally ported load hold valves ensure the cylinders remain in position if hydraulic pressure is lost[1].

Hinge Pins

• Hinge pins are machined from hardened stainless steel, oversized for load-carrying capacity, and run in bronze bushings[1].

Boom Options

• Available boom types include fixed, telescopic, knuckle-boom, knuckle-telescopic, and double or triple telescopic booms. These booms are fabricated from high tensile steel and may include boom angle or load radius indicators[1][3].

Hook Assembly

• Fall block or load block options are available with customized cheek plates[1].

Pedestal

• One piece tubular construction designed with a flange for slew bearing mounting and a cutout for maintenance access[1].

Controls and Safety Features

• Standard low-pressure joystick controls are common. Cranes can be controlled from the platform or remotely via a cable or radio remote. Safety features include length and tension monitoring, MOPS (Manual of Permissible Operating Speeds) and AOPS (Automatic Operating Speeds), and personnel handling/man-riding options with necessary certifications[1][3].

Painting and Material Options

• Surfaces are painted to equivalent International or Marine paint standards, including sand blasting, zinc rich primer, epoxy mid coat, and polyurethane cover coat. Material options include Cr, Ni-Cr, or stainless steel for luffing/telescopic cylinder rods and high strength stainless steel pins[1].

Testing and Assembly

• Cranes are factory assembled and tested to ensure quality and performance[1].

Applications and Customization

Ship Types

• Marine cranes are used on various ship types including bulk carriers, container vessels, general cargo ships, tankers, and offshore support vessels. Each crane type is tailored to meet the specific cargo handling duties of the vessel[2][3].

Offshore Operations

• Specialized offshore cranes are designed for heavy-duty operations, including installation on floating or fixed platforms. These cranes often feature active heave-compensation and auto-tensioning functions[3].

Customization

• Cranes can be customized to meet customer-specific safe working load requirements, with various slew bearing dimensions and pedestal heights. They are designed to accommodate operational needs and industry regulations[3].

Maintenance and Service Life

Long Service Life

• Marine cranes are built to withstand harsh marine environments

Haifeng 2001 – Chinese-built large crane ship enters service

Guide to the Haifeng 2001: Chinese-Built Large Crane Ship

Overview

The Haifeng 2001 is a significant addition to the offshore construction fleet, particularly designed to meet the demanding needs of large-scale offshore wind farm and other marine engineering projects. Here is a detailed guide to its features, capabilities, and operational aspects.

Vessel Specifications

Dimensions and Capacity

• Length Overall (LOA): 195 meters
• Moulded Width: 46.9 meters
• Moulded Depth: 16 meters
• Deadweight: 45,000 tons (summer deadweight)
• Gross Tonnage: 51,179 tons[4].

Crane Capabilities

• The Haifeng 2001 is equipped with a large offshore engineering crane.
• Lifting Capacity:
• 4,000 tons as a fixed stern crane
• 3,000 tons as a full-revolving crane at the stern[1].

Operational Capabilities

Dynamic Positioning and Anchoring

• The vessel features DP-2 level dynamic positioning function, enabling precise positioning and stability.
• It is also equipped with an 8-point anchoring positioning system for enhanced stability during operations[1].

Propulsion and Thrusters

• While specific details on the main propulsion are not provided, the dynamic positioning capability is supported by advanced thruster systems.

Specialized Systems

• The Haifeng 2001 includes advanced systems such as a pile shoe detection system, though this is more prominently featured in its sister vessels like the Haifeng 1002[1].

Primary Uses

Offshore Wind Farm Construction

• The vessel is primarily designed for booster station lifting, catheter frame construction, and large wind turbine foundation construction.
• It is tailored for the development needs of far-reaching sea areas and large unit capacity, making it ideal for future offshore wind power site construction[1].

General Marine Engineering

• With its robust crane and advanced positioning systems, the Haifeng 2001 is capable of handling a variety of marine engineering tasks beyond wind farm construction.

Construction and Launch

Shipyard and Classification

• The Haifeng 2001 was built by ZPMC Qidong Offshore & Engineering and Jingjiang Nanyang Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.
• The vessel was classed by China Classification Society (CCS), with the CCS Jiangsu Branch Nantong Office providing close cooperation and support during the construction process[1].

Launch Ceremony

• The vessel was launched on April 18, 2023, in a grand ceremony held via video links, marking a significant milestone in China’s offshore engineering capabilities[1].

Technological and Innovative Features

Advanced Crane Technology

• The full-revolving crane on the Haifeng 2001 is a highlight, offering flexibility and high lifting capacity essential for complex offshore operations.

Dynamic Positioning

• The DP-2 level dynamic positioning function ensures the vessel can maintain precise positioning even in challenging sea conditions, which is crucial for the accuracy required in offshore construction.

Conclusion

The Haifeng 2001 represents a significant advancement in offshore construction capabilities, particularly in the context of China’s expanding offshore wind power sector. Its robust design, advanced crane technology, and dynamic positioning capabilities make it a versatile and powerful tool for a range of marine engineering tasks. This vessel underscores China’s commitment to developing sophisticated maritime infrastructure to support its renewable energy and offshore development goals.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Here are five frequently asked questions about cranes for ships sourced from China, along with detailed answers:

What are the advantages of sourcing cranes from China?

Sourcing cranes from China offers several significant advantages. One of the primary benefits is cost-effectiveness; Chinese manufacturers are known for their competitive pricing, allowing businesses to acquire high-quality cranes at lower costs compared to other markets. Additionally, China boasts a vast manufacturing capacity, ensuring a wide range of crane models, sizes, and specifications to meet various business requirements. Chinese manufacturers also adhere to high standards of quality, often holding ISO and CE certifications, and are at the forefront of innovative technology in automation and heavy machinery, making their cranes highly reliable and efficient. Furthermore, these manufacturers can customize cranes to meet specific operational needs, enhancing their versatility for different port environments.

What are the key steps in the process of importing a crane from China?

Importing a crane from China involves several detailed steps. First, it is crucial to define your specific requirements, including the crane’s lifting capacity, speed, and span. Next, locate the right suppliers through platforms like Alibaba, attend international expos, or get referrals through industry networks. Conduct a thorough supplier evaluation by verifying their credentials through certifications, reviewing their project portfolios, and if possible, visiting their manufacturing facilities. After selecting a supplier, negotiate and finalize the contract, ensuring it covers all specifications, delivery commitments, and after-sales support. Finally, choose the right mode of transport, typically ocean freight using Ro-Ro or breakbulk shipping methods, and partner with experienced logistics companies to manage the entire logistical process.

What are the logistical and shipping challenges associated with importing cranes from China?

Importing cranes from China can be complex due to several logistical and shipping challenges. Coordinating transportation for bulky items like cranes requires strategic planning, including choosing the right mode of transport, such as Ro-Ro or breakbulk shipping. Partnering with experienced freight forwarders or logistics companies is essential to streamline the shipping process and minimize potential disruptions. Additionally, navigating customs regulations and ensuring timely delivery can be challenging. It is important to gather multiple shipping quotes to find the best price and service combination and to have all necessary documents ready for customs clearance, such as the commercial invoice, packing list, bill of lading, and certificate of origin.

How can quality control and reliability be ensured when sourcing cranes from China?

Ensuring quality control and reliability when sourcing cranes from China involves several measures. Conduct thorough due diligence by checking the manufacturer’s certifications, visiting their manufacturing facilities, and reviewing customer feedback. Verify that the crane meets specified international or regional standards, such as ISO or API, and seek certifications from authorized organizations like classification societies. Regular maintenance is also crucial; establish a comprehensive maintenance schedule and follow it diligently, including lubrication, inspection, and replacement of components as per the manufacturer’s guidelines. Providing adequate training to crane operators, maintenance personnel, and other relevant staff ensures they have the necessary competence to operate, inspect, and maintain the crane effectively.

Are there any security concerns associated with using Chinese-made cranes, particularly in sensitive environments like U.S. ports?

There are security concerns associated with using Chinese-made cranes, especially in sensitive environments like U.S. ports. The primary concern is the potential for cyber espionage and hacking. Chinese-made cranes, particularly those from manufacturers like ZPMC, may have features that allow remote control, servicing, and programming, which could be exploited by unauthorized parties. This vulnerability has led to warnings from U.S. government agencies, including the Coast Guard and the Department of Transportation’s Maritime Administration, advising ports to implement cyber-risk management actions to reduce the risk of exploitation. New regulations have been put in place to mitigate these risks, and there is an initiative to support U.S.-based manufacturing of ship-to-shore cranes to reduce dependence on Chinese-built cranes.