In the dynamic and safety-critical world of construction and industrial operations, crane certification stands as a cornerstone of ensuring the well-being of workers, the general public, and the integrity of the equipment itself. In China, where construction and manufacturing activities are rampant, adhering to stringent crane certification requirements is not just a regulatory necessity but a vital component of maintaining a safe and efficient work environment.

This in-depth guide delves into the intricate landscape of crane certification in China, covering the essential types of inspections, including initial inspections, periodic inspections, and load tests. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory frameworks, such as those outlined by local inspecting organizations and national standards, which dictate the certification process. You will learn about the critical components assessed during inspections, including structural integrity, operational controls, safety devices, and electrical systems, as well as the importance of load charts and manufacturer guidelines.

Moreover, this guide will provide insights into the roles and responsibilities of certified inspectors, the documentation and reporting required for

Crane Inspection And Certification China Manufacturer Guide

Guide to Crane Inspection and Certification

Overview of Crane Inspection

Crane inspections are crucial for ensuring the safety and proper functioning of cranes in various industries. These inspections help identify potential hazards, prevent accidents, and maintain compliance with regulatory standards.

Eligibility and Certification Requirements for Crane Inspectors

Age and Experience

To become a certified crane inspector, an individual must be at least 18 years old and have a minimum of 2,000 hours of documented work experience within a five-year period. This experience should be related to maintaining, inspecting, servicing, repairing, or modifying cranes[1][4].

Formal Training and Education

Inspectors must undergo formal training every two years, which includes learning about safety measures, the proper use of tools, and how to operate cranes safely. This training also covers writing reports and using additional equipment like meters, man-lifts, ladders, and jacks[4].

Written and Practical Examinations

Candidates must pass written and practical exams specific to the type of crane they wish to inspect. For example, certifications are available for Articulating Crane Inspector (ACI), Mobile Crane Inspector (MCI), Tower Crane Inspector (TCI), and Overhead Crane Inspector (OCI). Candidates must also pass the respective operator exam, although currently certified operators may be exempt from taking the corresponding operator exam[1][4].

Types of Crane Inspections

Frequent Inspections

Frequent inspections occur daily, weekly, or monthly and are designed to test the crane’s function and proper operation. These inspections include visual checks of major crane components such as control mechanisms, pressurized lines, hydraulic systems, hooks and latches, wire rope and reeving, electrical apparatus, tires, ground conditions, and cab windows. No documentation is required, but using a daily crane inspection checklist is recommended[2][3].

Periodic Inspections

Periodic inspections occur at intervals ranging from bimonthly to annually. These inspections are more comprehensive and include:
– Monthly Inspections: Conducted to ensure the crane’s continued safe operation.
– Annual/Comprehensive Inspections: Performed by a qualified person to test the global structure integrity of the crane. These inspections are repeated every four years for new, altered, or used cranes[2][3].

Who Should Conduct Crane Inspections?

Competent Person

Daily and frequent inspections must be performed by a “competent person” who is familiar with crane components and capable of identifying potential hazards. This person must also be authorized to take corrective measures if any hazards are found[2][3].

Qualified Person

Annual and comprehensive inspections must be conducted by a “qualified person” who has demonstrated the ability to identify hazards and resolve problems related to crane operation. This can include certified crane inspectors, registered professional engineers familiar with cranes, or qualified third-party inspectors[3].

OSHA Requirements

Designation of Inspectors

Employers must designate a competent person as the crane inspector. This person must be capable of identifying hazards and authorized to take measures to eliminate them[2][3].

Functional Testing

Before initial use, a functional test of the crane must be performed to evaluate how the crane works and ensure it is operating normally. This includes testing critical crane components such as the control system, braking system, power plant, and load-sustaining structural components[2].

Documentation

Records of inspections must be retained for a minimum of 3-12 months. While daily inspections do not require documentation, it is a best practice to use a daily crane inspection checklist[3].

Certification and Recertification

Certification Validity

Crane inspector certification is valid for five years. Candidates must pass the written exams within a 12-month period after passing their first exam. If additional designations are added within the final 24 months of the certification period, the certificant is exempt from recertifying for the new designation after five years[1][4].

Recertification

Certificants must recertify for all designations during the 12 months prior to their certifications’ expiration date. This ensures that all crane inspector designations maintain the same expiration date[1][4].

Additional Training and Resources

Hands-on Training

Crane inspection training should include hands-on experience working with cranes, passing crane inspection training courses, and a practical evaluation. Training programs often cover presenting findings and refreshing knowledge every two years[5].

Compliance with Regulations

Inspectors must perform inspections in accordance with all pertinent codes and regulations, including OSHA Title 29 and ANSI/ASME Standard B30. They must also understand and interpret applicable sections of these regulations[5].

By following these guidelines, individuals and organizations can ensure that crane inspections are conducted thoroughly and safely, adhering to all relevant regulatory standards.

Crane Inspections and Inspections of Hoisting and Lifting …

Guide to Crane, Hoisting, and Lifting Equipment Inspections

Introduction

Ensuring the safety, reliability, and compliance of crane, hoisting, and lifting equipment is crucial for any operation involving these devices. Here is a comprehensive guide on the inspections and services related to these equipment types.

Why Conduct Crane, Hoisting, and Lifting Equipment Inspections?

• Safety: To assure the safe and proper working capability and condition of the equipment.
• Regulatory Compliance: To meet all associated regulatory requirements and standards.
• Operational Efficiency: To maintain the capability and availability of the equipment, maximizing uptime and minimizing operational impact.
• Compliance with Statutory Requirements: To ensure that all inspections are carried out in accordance with applicable regulations, standards, and engineering practices.

Types of Equipment Inspected

Material-Handling Devices

• Cranes
• Derricks
• Fork-lifts
• Truck-mounted cranes
• Shackles
• Hooks
• Elevating platforms
• Telehandlers

Personnel Handling Devices

• Elevators
• Escalators
• Ski lifts
• Cable cars
• Mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs)

Inspection Services

Comprehensive Inspection Checklist

Mechanical and Structural Inspections

• Brakes, Clutches, Sheaves, and Wire Rope Assemblies: Checking for wear, damage, and proper functioning.
• Crane Girders, Rails, and Columns: Ensuring structural integrity of overhead cranes.
• Line Level and Span Crane Gantry Surveys: Verifying the alignment and stability of the crane.

Load Testing

• Dynamic and Static Load Testing: To ensure the equipment can handle the intended loads safely.

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)

• Load Hooks: Checking for cracks and visual inspections for distortions.

Operational Tests

• Functional Tests: Ensuring all crane functions are operating properly, including winches, swing drive, and boom extension.
• Drive and Brake Tests: Verifying the performance of the drive and braking systems.

Periodic Inspections

• Inspection Prior to Use: Ensuring all mechanical, structural, electrical, and safety systems are in good condition before operation.
• Re-examination of Safety Devices: Regularly checking all safety devices to ensure they are functioning correctly.

Regulatory Compliance

• Regulatory Compliance Assessments: Ensuring the equipment complies with all applicable regulations and standards.

Additional Services

• Design Studies and Calculation Reviews: Reviewing design calculations to ensure they meet safety and performance standards.
• Remnant Life Assessment: Evaluating the remaining lifespan of the equipment.
• Repairs Supervision: Overseeing any necessary repairs to ensure they are done correctly.

Frequency of Inspections

Mobile and Self-Propelled Cranes

• Cranes Less Than 6 Years Old: Inspections every 3 years.
• Cranes Between 6 and 10 Years Old: Inspections every 2 years.
• Cranes Over 10 Years Old: Inspections every year.

Tower Cranes

• Initial Inspection: Before the start of service.
• Inspections for Long-Term Installations: Every 2 years for cranes installed for extraordinarily long terms.

Benefits of Professional Inspections

Ensuring Safety

• Reduces the risk of accidents and injuries by identifying and addressing potential hazards.
• Ensures that all safety devices are functioning correctly.

Maintaining Compliance

• Helps in meeting all regulatory requirements, avoiding legal and financial penalties.
• Ensures that the equipment is in compliance with local and international standards.

Optimizing Operational Efficiency

• Minimizes downtime by identifying and addressing issues before they cause significant disruptions.
• Maximizes the lifespan of the equipment through regular maintenance and repairs.

Training and Support

• Provides training for operators of cranes and elevating platforms in accordance with local and international standards.
• Offers supervision for repairs to ensure they are done correctly and safely.

Conclusion

Regular inspections of crane, hoisting, and lifting equipment are essential for ensuring safety, compliance, and operational efficiency. By leveraging the expertise and services of professional inspection companies, you can maintain the integrity and reliability of your equipment, reduce risks, and optimize your operations.

Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China …

Regulations for Safety Inspection of Hazardous Machines and Equipment

General Principles

Scope and Application

• These regulations are enacted pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph 4 of Article 16 of the Safety and Health Act.
• The regulations apply to dangerous machines and equipment as specified in the relevant stipulations of occupational safety and health, as well as national, international, or association standards endorsed by the central governing authority[2].

Terminology

• Unless otherwise defined, the terminology relating to dangerous machines and equipment follows the relevant stipulations of occupational safety and health[2].

Inspection Requirements

Type Inspection

• The inspection of domestic (homemade) hazardous machines/equipment must comply with these regulations and the relevant provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act.
• Machines/equipment that are either directly imported or locally designed and manufactured must meet international standards based on contractual agreements. These machines/equipment are subject to the stipulations of the same standards regarding material selection, mechanical properties, construction methods, and inspection methods[2].

Qualification Certificate

• The inspecting organization issues a Qualification Certificate of Type Inspection for Manufacturing Equipment for qualifiers in the type inspection.
• Manufacturing or modification work cannot be carried out without passing the inspection, except for cranes whose types and conditions have already qualified through the type inspection[2].

Installation and Alteration

Completion Inspection

• Upon completing the installation of fixed type cranes or altering their location, the employer must submit an Application Form for Completion Inspection of Fixed Type Cranes to the local inspecting organization.
• Required documents include:
• Qualification Certification for the type inspection of manufacturing facilities.
• Area drawings and a fundamental summary of the installation location.
• Specification of Fixed Type Cranes.
• Strength calculation basis and assembly drawings[2].

Load and Stability Tests

• If a load test or stability test cannot be carried out due to the location or other reasons, the employer must entrust the manufacturer to fill out the Application Form for the Simulated Load Test of Fixed Cranes.
• The inspecting organization issues a Report for the Results of the Simulated Load Test.
• Fixed type cranes qualified in the simulated load test are exempt from the load test or safety test stipulated before the completion inspection[2].

Reporting and Compliance

Alterations and Personnel Changes

• Any alteration of the equipment or personnel changes must be reported to the local inspecting organization[2].

Documentation

• The strength calculation basis and assembly drawings must record specific items, including detailed descriptions using mathematical formulas as per relevant regulations[2].

Enforcement and Oversight

Inspecting Organization

• The inspecting organization is responsible for issuing certificates and reports as outlined in the regulations.
• The organization ensures compliance with the stipulated standards and regulations[2].

Conclusion

These regulations are designed to ensure the safe operation and maintenance of hazardous machines and equipment in Taiwan. They outline detailed procedures for type inspections, installation, and alteration, as well as the necessary documentation and reporting requirements. Compliance with these regulations is crucial for maintaining workplace safety and adhering to national and international standards.

Construction Crane Operators

Certification for Construction Crane Operators: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

To ensure safety and competence in the operation of construction cranes, the Construction Industry Council (CIC) is authorized by the Government to implement certification tests, training, and refresher courses for crane operators. This guide outlines the key aspects of the certification process.

Certification Requirements

All construction crane operators must obtain the necessary certification to qualify for operating specific types of cranes. This certification is mandated by an Ordinance to promote safety and awareness in crane operations.

Test Format and Structure

Theory Refresher Session

• Day 1 of the certification process involves a theory refresher session. This session allows candidates to refresh their knowledge in machinery operation and relevant safety issues.

Written Test

• Conducted on the morning of Day 2, the written test assesses the candidate’s theoretical knowledge.
• Duration and Fees:
• Tower Crane (TWC): 30 minutes, HK$1,200
• Crawler-mounted Mobile Crane (CMC): 45 minutes, HK$1,200
• Wheeled Telescopic Mobile Crane (WMC): 40 minutes, HK$1,200
• Truck-mounted Crane (TKR): 30 minutes, HK$1,100
• Gantry Crane (GCS): 30 minutes, HK$1,200
• Derrick Crane (DRC): 30 minutes, HK$1,200

Practical Test

• After the written test, candidates will familiarize themselves with the operation of the machine assigned for the practical test throughout the day.
• Duration:
• Tower Crane (TWC): 80 minutes
• Crawler-mounted Mobile Crane (CMC): 90 minutes
• Wheeled Telescopic Mobile Crane (WMC): 65 minutes
• Truck-mounted Crane (TKR): 45 minutes
• Gantry Crane (GCS): 35 minutes
• Derrick Crane (DRC): 45 minutes

Practical Test Schedule

• Day 3: Candidates are allocated to carry out the practical test in either the morning or afternoon session.

Revalidation Course

For experienced operators, a 1-day Revalidation Course is available:
– Theory Refresher Session: Refresh knowledge in machinery operation and safety issues.
– Written Test: Conducted in the afternoon, immediately after the theory refresher session.
– Fee: HK$500

Anticipated Waiting Time

The waiting time for trade tests can vary:
– Approximately one to two months
– Approximately three to four months
– Approximately five to six months
– More than six months

Certification and Validity

• Certificate Issuance: Candidates who pass both the written and practical tests will be issued a certificate.
• Validity: The certificate is valid for five years and is recognized by the Labour Department.

Additional Requirements

• Attendance and Examination: 100% attendance and passing the examination are mandatory for certificate issuance.
• Legal Requirements: Applicants must have a permanent HKID card or a working visa.

Training and Certification Providers

The CIC, along with other approved training course providers, is empowered to issue crane operator certificates. These providers include various organizations specified by the Commissioner for Labour.

Conclusion

Obtaining certification as a construction crane operator is a rigorous process designed to ensure safety and competence. By understanding the test format, structure, and requirements, candidates can better prepare themselves for the certification process and contribute to a safer working environment in the construction industry.

Crane Inspection Protocols – China

Comprehensive Guide to Crane Inspection Protocols

Introduction

Crane inspection protocols are crucial for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and compliance of cranes with regulatory standards. This guide outlines the key aspects of crane inspections, including the types of inspections, the inspection process, and the importance of compliance with safety regulations.

Types of Crane Inspections

Periodic Inspections

Periodic inspections are conducted at regular intervals to ensure the crane remains in safe working condition. These inspections are more detailed than pre-operational checks and include examining:
– Load-bearing components
– Electrical systems
– Hydraulic systems
– Brakes
– Other critical parts

The frequency of these inspections depends on factors such as crane usage, environmental conditions, and manufacturer recommendations[1][2][4].

Annual Inspections

Annual inspections are comprehensive and cover all aspects of the crane’s structure, components, and systems. These inspections are typically conducted by certified crane inspectors to ensure compliance with safety standards and regulations[2].

OSHA Compliance Inspections

In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates regular inspections to ensure cranes comply with safety regulations. These inspections assess the crane’s maintenance, load capacity, and operational safety. OSHA inspections can be triggered by accidents, complaints, or random site selections[1].

The Inspection Process

Planning the Inspection

Before conducting an inspection, it is essential to determine the frequency and scope based on factors such as the type of crane, its usage, and the working environment. This step involves reviewing the crane’s maintenance history, identifying potential hazards, and determining the necessary resources and personnel[1][2].

Preparing for the Inspection

Prepare all necessary equipment and documentation, including:
– Inspection checklists
– Maintenance records
– Relevant regulations or standards
Ensure the crane is not in operation during the inspection[1][2].

Visual Inspection

Begin with a visual examination of the crane to identify any signs of:
– Damage
– Wear
– Corrosion
– Misalignment
– Loose connections

Inspect critical components such as the structure, wires and ropes, hooks, chains, and safety devices[1][2][4].

Functional Testing

Conduct functional tests to ensure the crane operates correctly. This includes:
– Operational tests of mechanical, structural, electrical, and safety systems
– Testing of wire ropes and chains
– Checking brakes, clutches, sheaves, and wire rope assemblies[2][4][5].

Load Testing

Load testing involves applying a load to the crane to evaluate its capacity and performance under maximum load conditions. This can include:
– Applying a load equal to 1.25 times the rated load (or 50 tons plus the rated load for cranes with a rated load exceeding 200 tons)
– Conducting stability tests under adverse conditions[2][3][4].

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)

NDT techniques are used to inspect for defects or weaknesses not visible to the naked eye. These techniques include:
– Magnetic particle testing
– Ultrasonic testing
– Radiographic testing
– Dye penetrant inspection

NDT helps evaluate critical crane components such as welds, bolts, and structural elements without causing damage[2][4][5].

Post-Inspection Documentation and Compliance

Inspection Reports

The inspection report should include a detailed checklist, photographs, and recommendations for any necessary adjustments, repairs, or replacements. This report is essential for maintaining compliance and facilitating future audits[1][2].

Maintenance Records

Keep a comprehensive maintenance record, including inspection reports, repairs, maintenance activities, and certifications. This record helps ensure compliance and provides a history of the crane’s condition[1][2].

Regulatory Compliance

Ensure all inspections are conducted in accordance with applicable regulations, standards, and engineering practices. This includes meeting OSHA requirements in the United States and other local and international standards[1][4][5].

Qualification Certificates

For fixed type cranes, obtain a qualification certificate after passing the completion inspection. The certificate is valid for a maximum of two years and must be renewed through periodic inspections. Display the qualification certificate or its photocopy in the cab of the crane or at obvious locations in the workplace[3].

Importance of Third-Party Inspections

Engage a certified and independent third-party inspection agency to ensure impartial and expert evaluation. These agencies can conduct pre-delivery inspections (PDI) in China before shipment and ensure compliance with international standards such as ISO and OSHA[1][2].

Training and Operator Compliance

Ensure operators are trained according to local and international standards. Training programs should cover the safe operation, maintenance, and inspection of cranes to prevent accidents and ensure compliance[4][5].

Conclusion

Crane inspection protocols are vital for maintaining safety, efficiency, and regulatory compliance. By understanding the types of inspections, the detailed inspection process, and the importance of post-inspection documentation and compliance, you can ensure your cranes operate safely and effectively. Regular inspections, proper maintenance, and adherence to regulatory standards are key to preventing accidents and maximizing the lifespan of your crane equipment.

Lifting Equipment Inspection & Certification – China

Since the provided URL does not lead to a specific page with detailed content on lifting equipment inspections, the following guide is compiled based on the comprehensive information from the other sources.

Lifting Equipment Inspection Guide

Introduction

Ensuring the safety and reliability of lifting equipment is crucial in various industries to prevent accidents and maintain compliance with regulatory standards. This guide outlines the key components, procedures, and best practices for conducting thorough lifting equipment inspections.

Types of Lifting Equipment

Lifting equipment includes a wide range of devices such as:
– Cranes
– Forklifts
– Boom lifts
– Scissor lifts
– Hoists
– Pallet jacks
– Air hoists
– Chain hoists
– Winches
– Slings and chains

Importance of Inspections

Regular inspections are essential to:
– Ensure the equipment meets safety standards and regulatory requirements.
– Identify and address potential hazards before they become critical.
– Maintain the integrity and reliability of the equipment.
– Reduce the risk of accidents and injuries.

Types of Inspections

Visual Inspections

• Conducted before each use to identify any visible signs of damage, such as cracks, dents, bends, or corrosion.
• Check for loose or missing bolts, nuts, pins, or other fasteners.
• Inspect load-bearing components like hooks, shackles, slings, and chains for signs of wear[1][4][5].

Operational Checks

• Test controls and mechanisms to ensure smooth and effective operation.
• Verify that safety devices, such as limit switches and overload protection, are functioning correctly.
• Test emergency stop buttons and other safety features[1][2].

Thorough Examinations

• Systematic and detailed examinations carried out at specified intervals by a competent person.
• Include visual examination, functional checks, measurements of wear, and in some cases, non-destructive testing (NDT) and load testing.
• Required before the first use, after assembly and before use at each location, regularly while in service, and following exceptional circumstances such as damage or major changes[3][4].

Inspection Checklist

Visual Inspection

• Check for visible signs of damage.
• Inspect for loose or missing fasteners.
• Look for signs of wear on load-bearing components.

Operational Checks

• Test controls and mechanisms.
• Verify safety devices are functioning correctly.
• Test emergency stop buttons.

Documentation

• Review the equipment’s logbook or maintenance records.
• Confirm certifications or inspections by regulatory bodies.
• Document all inspection findings and corrective actions[1][2].

Load Capacity and Rating

• Check the equipment’s load rating is suitable for the intended task.
• Ensure load capacity markings are clear and legible[1].

Wire Rope/Chain Inspection

• Inspect for signs of wear, such as broken wires or links, kinks, or flattening.
• Check for proper lubrication and cleanliness.
• Verify that terminations are secure and undamaged[1].

Hook and Attachment Points

• Examine hooks for deformation, cracks, or wear.
• Ensure latch mechanisms are functional and properly engaged.
• Inspect attachment points for wear or damage[1].

Electrical Components (if applicable)

• Inspect power cords, plugs, and sockets for damage or wear.
• Test electrical connections and circuits for proper functioning.
• Check for signs of overheating or electrical faults[1].

Hydraulic Systems (if applicable)

• Inspect hydraulic hoses, fittings, and seals for leaks or damage.
• Check fluid levels and quality.
• Test hydraulic controls for responsiveness and smooth operation[1].

Environment and Surroundings

• Assess the working environment for potential hazards.
• Ensure adequate lighting for safe operation[1].

Operator Training and Awareness

• Confirm operators are adequately trained and competent.
• Remind operators of safe lifting practices and procedures[1].

Emergency Preparedness

• Verify the availability and functionality of emergency response equipment.
• Ensure emergency procedures are clearly posted and understood[1].

Regulatory Compliance

• Ensure the equipment meets all relevant regulatory requirements and standards.
• Check for updates or changes in regulations that may affect safe operation[1][3][5].

Frequency of Inspections

• Before First Use: For new equipment or equipment assembled on site.
• Regularly While in Service: At intervals specified by regulations (e.g., every 6 or 12 months depending on the equipment and usage).
• Following Exceptional Circumstances: After damage, long periods of non-use, or major changes[3][4].

Reporting and Record-Keeping

• Complete a written report after thorough examinations, including examination date, next examination due date, and any defects found.
• Keep records of all inspections and maintenance activities.
• Report serious defects immediately to the dutyholder and relevant enforcing authority[3][4].

Best Practices

• Use standardized templates and procedures for inspections.
• Ensure inspections are conducted by competent persons with the necessary training, experience, and knowledge.
• Document all findings and take corrective actions promptly.
• Regularly review and update inspection procedures to reflect changes in regulations and industry standards[2][4].

By following this comprehensive guide, organizations can ensure their lifting equipment is safe, reliable, and compliant with regulatory requirements, thereby reducing the risk of accidents and maintaining a safe working environment.

Laws & Regulations Database of The Republic of China …

Regulations for Safety Inspection of Hazardous Machines and Equipment in Taiwan

General Principles

Scope and Application

• These regulations are enacted pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph 4 of Article 16 of the Safety and Health Act.
• The regulations apply to dangerous machines and equipment as specified in the relevant stipulations of occupational safety and health, as well as national, international, or association standards endorsed by the central governing authority[2].

Terminology

• Unless otherwise defined, the terminology relating to dangerous machines and equipment follows the relevant stipulations of occupational safety and health[2].

Inspection Requirements

Type Inspection

• The inspection of domestic (homemade) hazardous machines/equipment must comply with these regulations and the relevant provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, as well as applicable national, international, or association standards.
• Machines/equipment that are either directly imported or locally designed and manufactured must meet the specified international standards. They are subject to inspections based on these standards, including material selection, mechanical properties, construction methods, and inspection methods[2].

Qualification Certificate

• The inspecting organization issues a Qualification Certificate of Type Inspection for Manufacturing Equipment for qualifiers in the type inspection.
• Manufacturing or modification work cannot be carried out without passing this inspection, except for cranes that have already qualified through type inspection[2].

Installation and Alteration

Completion Inspection

• Upon completing the installation of fixed type cranes or altering their location, the employer must submit an Application Form for Completion Inspection of Fixed Type Cranes to the local inspecting organization.
• Required documents include:
• Qualification Certification for the type inspection of manufacturing facilities.
• Area drawings and a fundamental summary of the installation location.
• Specification of Fixed Type Cranes.
• Strength calculation basis and assembly drawings[2].

Load and Stability Tests

• If a load test or stability test cannot be conducted due to the location or other reasons, the employer must entrust the manufacturer to fill out the Application Form for the Simulated Load Test of Fixed Cranes.
• The manufacturer submits this form along with the specification of fixed cranes to the inspecting organization for a simulated load test.
• Fixed type cranes that pass the simulated load test are exempt from the load test or safety test stipulated before the completion inspection[2].

Reporting and Documentation

Alterations and Personnel Changes

• Any alteration of the equipment or personnel changes must be reported to the local inspecting organization[2].

Inspection Reports

• The inspecting organization issues a Report for the Results of the Simulated Load Test for qualifiers of the simulated load test[2].

Enforcement and Compliance

Responsibilities of Employers and Manufacturers

• Employers and manufacturers are responsible for ensuring that all hazardous machines/equipment comply with the regulations and pass the necessary inspections before use.
• The inspecting organization has the authority to enforce these regulations and ensure compliance[2].

Additional Provisions

Strength Calculation and Assembly Drawings

• The strength calculation basis and assembly drawings for the major structural components of fixed type cranes must be detailed using mathematical formulas as per relevant regulations[2].

By adhering to these regulations, Taiwan ensures the safety and integrity of hazardous machines and equipment, protecting both workers and the general public from potential risks associated with their operation.

The Most Comprehensive Introduction To China’s Crane …

Given that the provided websites do not include the specific content from the URL https://www.dgcrane.com/posts/the-most-comprehensive-introduction-to-chinas-crane-and-its-accessories-nameplates-a-novices-guide/, I will create a comprehensive guide based on the information gathered from the other sources related to China’s crane manufacturing industry.

Introduction to China’s Crane Manufacturing Industry

Historical Development

• China’s crane manufacturing industry began to develop significantly after the founding of New China, particularly through the introduction of foreign technology and domestic technological research and development efforts[1].
• In the 1950s, China started importing blueprints and technical materials for cranes from the former Soviet Union, marking the beginning of domestic crane production[1].

Current Market Overview

• The China crane market has shown vigorous development, driven by rapid growth in sectors such as infrastructure construction, real estate development, and transportation. Cranes account for nearly 4% of the total sales of construction machinery[1].
• The market size is expected to reach USD 245 billion and a volume of 200,170 units by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 3.21% by volume during 2021-2027[2][3].

Market Segmentation and Trends

By Crane Type

• Mobile Cranes: Include crawler cranes, rough terrain cranes, all terrain cranes, and truck-mounted cranes. Mobile cranes, especially truck cranes and truck-mounted cranes, dominate the market with over 30% of total sales[1][2].
• Fixed Cranes: Include overhead cranes and tower cranes. There is a growing trend towards medium-capacity tower cranes (18t – 20t) in recent years[2][3].

By Application

• Construction: This sector drives a significant portion of the demand, with the market expected to reach USD 98,541.5 million by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 4.36%[2].
• Mining: Accounts for a smaller share, expected to reach 5,548 units by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 2.06%[2].
• Transport/Port and Manufacturing: Also significant sectors driving the demand for cranes[2].

By Gross Power

• Less than 20 Tons: This segment was estimated at 74,481 units in 2020 and is expected to reach 91,987 units by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 3.21%[2].

Technological Advancements and Future Trends

Intelligent Manufacturing

• The industry is moving towards intelligent manufacturing, with a focus on strengthening product safety, reliability, ergonomics, and green design. There is a strong emphasis on lightweight, large-scale, intelligent, and reliable development as outlined in the “14th Five-Year Plan for the Construction Machinery Industry”[1].

Integration of IoT and Data Analysis

• The crane market is transitioning to more innovative industries driven by IoT and data analysis for service, networking, and sustainability. Vendors are investing in developing smart crane technology with automated safety features, telematics, and remote monitoring capabilities[3].

Competitive Landscape

Major Vendors

• Key players include XCMG Group, SANY Group, Zoomlion, Manitex, Tadano, Manitowoc, Kobelco Construction Machinery, Konecranes, Liebherr, and Terex Corporation. Other prominent vendors include Link-Belt Cranes, Kato Works Co. Ltd., and American Crane & Equipment Corp. (ACE)[2][3].

Regional Distribution

• Jiangsu and Hunan are home to the largest number of leading crane manufacturing companies, making these regions highly competitive[1].

Global Influence and Competitiveness

Market Share

• Chinese crane manufacturers now account for 20.8% of the global crane market, reflecting China’s significant role as a manufacturing power[4].

Challenges and Opportunities

• Despite technological gaps and competition from developed countries, Chinese crane companies are enhancing their competitiveness through technological innovation and quality improvement. They are also actively seeking international development paths and benefiting from favorable government policies and foreign investments[1][2].

Future Outlook

Market Growth

• The China crane market is expected to continue growing, driven by investments in infrastructure, including railways, roads, highways, airports, and ports. The market is projected to show incremental growth of 37,817 units from 2020-2027[2][3].

Innovation and Sustainability

• The industry will continue to focus on developing more fuel-efficient, technologically sophisticated machinery, and integrating smart technologies to enhance construction efficiency and sustainability[3].

In conclusion, China’s crane manufacturing industry has experienced rapid growth and is poised for continued expansion driven by technological advancements, infrastructure development, and global market integration. The industry’s focus on innovation, quality, and sustainability positions it for significant future growth and increased global influence.

Specification Of A Crane China Manufacturer Guide

Since the provided websites do not include the specific content from https://www.sourcifychina.com/specification-of-a-crane/, I will create a comprehensive guide based on the general specifications and key aspects of crane specifications gathered from the other sources.

Guide to Crane Specifications

Introduction

Crane specifications are crucial for selecting the right crane for a particular project. These specifications help in understanding the capabilities, limitations, and suitability of a crane for various applications. Here is a detailed guide to the key specifications and terms associated with cranes.

Main Specifications of Cranes

Lifting Capacity

• The lifting capacity, or rated lifting capacity, is the maximum weight that a crane can lift safely and stably under normal working conditions. It is usually expressed in metric tons (t) or kilonewtons (kN)[2].

Span

• For gantry and bridge cranes, the span refers to the distance between the supports or the width of the area the crane can cover. Typical spans range from 8 to 35 meters[1].

Lifting Height

• The lifting height is the maximum vertical distance the crane can lift a load. This can vary from 6 to 18 meters depending on the crane type and model[1].

Lifting Speed

• Lifting speed refers to the rate at which the crane can lift a load. This speed can vary significantly, with typical values ranging from 0.8 to 13.3 meters per minute[1].

Trolley Speed

• For cranes with a trolley, the trolley speed is the rate at which the trolley moves along the crane’s beam. Typical trolley speeds range from 2 to 40 meters per minute[1].

Crane Speed

• Crane speed, or bridge traveling speed for bridge cranes, is the rate at which the entire crane moves. This can range from 3 to 40 meters per minute[1].

Additional Key Specifications

Work Duty

• The work duty or service classification of a crane indicates how frequently and under what conditions the crane is expected to operate. Common classifications include A3 to A7, with A7 being the most demanding[1][2].

Load State Level

• The load state level categorizes the crane’s usage based on the ratio of the actual weight lifted to the rated lifting capacity. Common levels include Q1 (light) to Q4 (heavy)[2].

Controls and Operation

• Cranes can be controlled via various methods, including pendant controls, radio remote controls, or cab controls. The choice of control method depends on the application and user preference[2].

Safety Features

• Essential safety features include anti-two-block protection, overload shutdown protection, and rated capacity indicators. These features ensure safe operation and prevent accidents[3].

Types of Cranes and Their Specifications

Bridge Cranes

• Span and Height: Up to 150 feet span and 100 feet lifting height.
• Lifting Capacity: Ranges from 1 to 100+ tons.
• Control Methods: Pendant, radio remote, or cab controls.
• Applications: Indoor or outdoor use, including machining, assembly workstations, and bulk material handling[2].

Gantry Cranes

• Span and Height: Up to 35 meters span and 18 meters lifting height.
• Lifting Capacity: Ranges from 3.2 to 200 tons.
• Control Methods: Pendant or remote control.
• Applications: Indoor and outdoor use, including workshops and workstations[1][2].

Jib Cranes

• Lifting Capacity: Varies widely depending on the model.
• Lifting Height and Arm Length: Specific to each model.
• Control Methods: Pendant or remote control.
• Applications: General lifting tasks in workshops or specific workstations[2].

Standards and Guidelines

CMAA Specifications

• The Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA) provides detailed specifications and standards for the safe design, engineering, manufacturing, operation, and service of overhead cranes. Key specifications include CMAA Spec 70 for top running bridge and gantry cranes, CMAA Spec 74 for single girder cranes, and CMAA Spec 78 for professional services and maintenance[4].

Operator Training and Safety

• Crane operation involves more than just manipulating controls; it requires qualified, authorized personnel trained in classroom and hands-on settings. Safety best practices, pre-operational checks, and periodic inspections are crucial for safe crane operation[4].

Conclusion

Understanding crane specifications is vital for selecting the right crane for your project. By considering factors such as lifting capacity, span, lifting height, speed, control methods, and safety features, you can ensure that the crane meets your operational needs and safety standards. Always refer to the specific manufacturer’s specifications and adhere to industry standards to guarantee safe and efficient crane operation.

P.R. China Issues New Export Control Regulations

China’s New Export Control Regulations: An In-Depth Guide

Introduction

China has introduced new regulations governing the export of dual-use items, which will become effective on December 1, 2024. These regulations are a significant update to China’s export control system and have far-reaching implications for companies involved in exporting dual-use items from China.

Scope and Applicability

• The new regulations apply to the export of dual-use items, including goods, technologies, and services that have both civilian and military uses or can contribute to the enhancement of military potential[1][2][5].
• This includes items such as those used to design, develop, produce, or use weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, as well as related technical data and materials.

Key Components of the Regulations

Dual-Use Items Control List

• The regulations will utilize a consolidated dual-use items control list, which will be updated by the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) and the Ministry of Justice (MOJ). This list will include traditional civilian and military dual-use products, as well as advanced technologies such as semiconductor technology, drones, artificial intelligence, encryption, quantum computing, biotechnology, and rare earths[2][3].

Licensing System

• Exporters are required to apply for export licenses through a licensing system. Applications for general or one-off licenses must include specific materials, and MOFCOM is required to approve or deny a license within 45 working days, although this timeline can be longer in certain situations[1][5].

Extraterritorial Regulation

• The regulations include provisions for extraterritorial regulation, similar to the de minimis and foreign-produced direct product rules under the U.S. Export Administration Regulations (EAR). This allows MOFCOM to regulate transfers to specific countries, regions, organizations, or individuals outside of China[1][2].

Service Provider Obligations

• Certain service providers, including agents, freight forwarders, delivery services, customs brokers, third-party e-commerce trading platforms, and financial services, are obligated to report suspected violations of export controls to MOFCOM promptly[1][2].

Restricted Party Lists and Sanctions

• The regulations outline the creation of a Restricted List, similar to the U.S. Entity List. Entities on this list may face sanctions such as the prohibition or restriction of transactions involving dual-use items, suspension of exports, or other necessary measures[1][2].
• Importers and end-users who do not cooperate with end-use and end-user verification may be listed on the “List of Concern,” akin to the Unverified List under U.S. law[2].

Compliance and Enforcement

• Companies are advised to review items they plan to export and develop or enhance their China export control programs. This includes classifying goods with the new Export Control Classification Numbers (ECCNs), reviewing whether goods are on the consolidated list, and collaborating with vendors to apply for export licenses early[3][5].

New Classification System

• China will introduce a five-character alphanumeric classification system similar to the U.S. ECCN system. This system will help in identifying controlled items more efficiently, moving away from the previous method of using product descriptions and HS codes[3].

Impact on Businesses

• U.S. companies and other international entities exporting from China need to take compliance measures to ensure a smooth transition and avoid potential violations. This includes conducting risk assessments, leveraging voluntary disclosures to mitigate risks, and developing compliance processes for Chinese subsidiaries[3][5].

National Security and Competitive Advantage

• The new regulations reflect China’s efforts to manage and control technologies with potential applications for both civilian and military uses, aiming to secure China’s national security and competitive advantage[2].

By understanding and adhering to these new regulations, companies can navigate the complexities of China’s updated export control system effectively and ensure compliance with the new requirements.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What types of crane inspections and certifications are required in China?

In China, several types of crane inspections and certifications are mandatory to ensure the safe operation of cranes. These include an initial inspection, which is conducted before a crane is put into service for the first time or after major modifications or repairs. This inspection involves a comprehensive evaluation of the crane’s structural integrity, operational controls, safety devices, wire rope, electrical systems, and other critical components. Periodic inspections are also required to maintain certification, typically every two years, and include checks on the structure, performance of parts, and load tests to ensure the crane continues to meet safety standards.

Who is responsible for conducting crane inspections and issuing certifications?

Crane inspections and certifications in China are typically conducted by certified inspectors who possess the necessary knowledge, skills, and experience. These inspectors must adhere to local, national, and international regulations and standards. The inspecting organization, often authorized by local regulatory bodies or industry-specific organizations, is responsible for issuing the qualification certificates after the crane passes the necessary inspections. For example, labor inspectors or acting inspectors sign and remark the period of service on the qualification certificates.

What are the key components inspected during a crane certification process?

During the crane certification process, several key components are inspected to ensure the crane meets all necessary safety standards. These include mechanical components such as wires, chains, hooks, and the condition of the hoist, brakes, hydraulics, and electrical systems. Inspectors also evaluate the operator’s controls and safety devices, including limit switches, emergency stop buttons, and overload protection systems. Additionally, the load rating chart, controls for load hoist and boom hoist, swing, and telescoping boom mechanisms are verified to ensure they follow standard designs and do not exceed safety limits.

How often must crane certifications be renewed, and what are the consequences of non-compliance?

Crane certifications in China must be renewed periodically, typically every two years, through periodic inspections. These inspections include checks on the structure, performance of parts, and load tests to ensure ongoing compliance with safety standards. If the periodic inspection is not applied for within the specified time limit or if the crane does not pass the test, it is prohibited from operation. Employers must apply for periodic inspections one month before the expiry of the qualification certificate to avoid any operational disruptions.

What documentation is required for crane certification, and where should it be displayed?

For crane certification, several documents are required, including the qualification certificate and the report for results of the completion inspection. The qualification certificate, which includes the period of service remarked by the inspector, must be displayed in the cab of the crane or in an obvious location in the workplace. This documentation serves as proof that the crane has been inspected, tested, and deemed safe and reliable for use, and it is crucial for compliance with regulatory requirements and for ensuring worker safety.